摘  要

我国是一个农业大国，农作物桔杆资源丰富，但目前大量的桔秆被无控焚烧或胡乱丢弃，不但造成严重的环境污染，破坏了农村的生态环境，而且还浪费了宝贵的可再生资源。本文介绍了农作物秸秆的综合利用技术的最新进展，包括腐熟还田技术、饲料转化技术、能源化技术及秸秆在工业上的各种应用。并且分析了农作物秸秆利用所存在的一些问题，最后，探讨了秸秆综合利用的前景，认为农作物秸秆的综合利用是保护生态环境、节约可再生资源的需要，也是缓解农村饲料、肥料、燃料和工业原料的紧张状况、促进农业可持续发展的要求。

本次设计了一款秸秆制粒机，包括一机架、位于所述机架内的环模构件、位于所述环模构件中部的压辊构件、以及驱动所述压辊构件的电机组；所述压辊构件包括与所述电机组联动的输出轴，所述压辊构件还包括一插接且周向固定于所述输出轴的驱动轴，所述驱动轴内轴向固定有一转动杆，所述转动杆下端与所述输出轴螺纹连接；所述环模构件至少包括两组模孔的孔径不一的环模套。本实用新型具有以下优点和效果：通过将压辊构件上端的驱动轴能够上下升降调节，实现与不同孔径的环模套进行相对设置，实现单个设备多类型产品的生产，提高设备的利用率，以及减少了更换模具的繁琐步骤。

关键词：秸秆；制粒；结构；制粒机

Abstract

China is a big agricultural country with abundant resources of orange poles，but at present，a large number of orange stalks have been burned uncontrolled or discarded indiscriminately，which not only causes serious environmental pollution，but also destroys the ecological environment in rural areas. It also wastes valuable renewable resources. In this paper，the latest development of comprehensive utilization technology of crop straw is introduced，including maturing technology，feed conversion technology，energy technology and various applications of straw in industry. Some problems existed in the utilization of crop straw were analyzed. Finally，the prospect of comprehensive utilization of crop straw was discussed. It was considered that the comprehensive utilization of crop straw was to protect ecological environment and economize. The need for renewable resources is also a requirement to alleviate the tension in rural feed，fertilizer，fuel and industrial raw materials and to promote sustainable agricultural development.

A straw granulator is designed，which comprises a frame，a ring mold member located in the frame，a press roller member located in the middle part of the ring mold member，and a electric unit driving the press roller member. The press roller member comprises an output shaft linked with the electric unit. The press roller member also includes a drive shaft connected to and circumferentially fixed to the output shaft，and the drive shaft is fixed in the axial direction with a rotating rod. The bottom end of the rotating rod is connected with the output shaft thread；The ring mold member comprises at least two sets of ring mold sleeves with different pore sizes. The utility model has the following advantages and effects：by means of driving shaft energy at the upper end of the roller member，the utility model has the following advantages and effects：It can adjust up and down，realize relative setting with ring mould sleeve with different aperture，realize the production of single equipment and multi-type products，improve the utilization rate of equipment，and reduce the cumbersome steps of changing mould.

Keywords：Straw；Granulation；Structure；Granulator

目  录

摘  要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1选题背景及意义 1

1.2国内外生物质制粒机的发展现状 4

1.2.1国外发展现状 4

1.2.2国内发展现状 5

1.3目前主要的制粒机类型及其制粒方法 9

1.3.1活塞式制粒机 9

1.3.2螺旋式制粒机 10

1.3.3模压颗粒制粒机 10

1.4秸秆燃料制粒加工技术与装备发展趋势 10

1.5秸秆制粒技术存在的问题 12

1.5.1制粒机的问题 12

1.5.2制粒原料问题 12

1.5.3配套设备问题 13

第二章 秸秆的综合利用技术 14

2.1我国农作物秸秆的利用现状 14

2.2农作物秸秆的综合利用途径 15

2.2.1秸秆还田技术 15

2.2.2秸秆饲料技术 16

2.2.3秸秆能源化利用技术 17

2.2.4秸秆用作工业品生产原料 18

2.3存在的问题 19

2.3.1实施工艺技术及机具存在的问题 19

2.3.2投入和产出不成比例 19

2.3.3没有形成大规模产业化经营的格局 20

2.3.4秸秆综合利用技术推广力度不够 20

2.4应用前景 21

第三章 秸秆制粒机的结构设计 22

3.1秸秆制粒机的结构设计 22

3.2秸秆制粒机的制粒原理 24

3.3带传动的设计 25

3.3.1总传动比的分配 25

3.3.2定V带型号和带轮直径 25

3.4齿轮的设计 27

3.5轴的设计 31

3.6压模的设计 32

3.7压辊的设计 35

第四章 秸秆制粒机主要部件的设计 36

4.1电动机的选择 36

4.2套筒的设计 36

4.2.1套筒结构设计 36

4.2.2套筒基本参数的确定 37

4.3模头的设计 37

4.3.1模头设计的基本原则 38

4.3.2模头材料要求 38

4.4螺杆的设计 38

4.4.1螺杆结构的设计 38

4.4.2螺杆基本参数的确定 39

4.4.2螺杆的强度校核 40

4.5传动装置的设计 42

4.5.1设计功率 42

4.5.2选取V带型号 43

4.5.3确定带轮基准直径 43

4.5.4确定中心距a和带的基准长度 43

4.5.5验算包角 44

4.5.6确定带的根数 44

4.5.7定初拉力 45

4.5.8计算轴压力 45

4.6轴的设计 45

4.6.1轴材料的选择 45

4.6.2轴径的确定 45

4.7轴承的选择 48

总  结 49

参考文献 50