摘 要

随着科技的日益提升，越来越多及越来越方便的代步工具和运输工具相继出现。自莱特兄弟改造的飞行器开始，飞行器逐渐从开始的战争用途到现在的载人载物以其高效的速度著名。因为现在的飞行器种类繁多但是各类功能单一并且造价昂贵，于是本文将目光投向一种便捷的模块化飞行器，此种飞行器以多功能闻名。最开始的模块化飞行器，都是运用于军事方面有记录的最早的任务模块化、可重构无人机的概念设计，出现在1995年莫斯科航展上的一架名为突破的概念无人机，该型无人机由大名鼎鼎的雅克列夫设计局设计。无人机将机身、机翼、动力舱、任务舱等进行了模块化设计，可依据任务类型更换机翼部件，动力舱和任务舱。

本次设计首先对自主式模块化无人机进行研究，梳理整体的设计思路。通过模仿创造和功能分解组合的方法对自主式模块化无人机整体分解为各项模块，包括机架、无刷电机、电子调速器、电池、飞行控制器、遥控器等，分析其主要作用且进行优缺点的对比，然后对无人机各模块进行分析，使无人机的各模块的选择能合理的组合起来，且能够在经济高效的前提下达到毕业设计的的要求。

关键词： 模块化；无人机；飞行器；结构设计

Abstract

With the development of science and technology, more and more convenient tools and transportation tools appear one after another. Since the Wright brothers modified the aircraft, the aircraft gradually from the beginning of the war use to the present manned vehicle known for its high-efficiency speed. Because there are many kinds of aircraft, but all kinds of functions are simple and expensive, this paper focuses on a convenient modular aircraft, which is famous for its multi-function. The original modular aircraft, used in the military for the earliest mission modularization, the conceptual design of reconfigurable drones, appeared at the Moscow Air Show in 1995. A breakthrough concept drone was designed by the prestigious Jaclev Design Agency. The UAV modularized the fuselage, wing, power module, mission module and so on, which can replace wing parts, power module and mission cabin according to the type of mission.

This design first carries on the research to the autonomous modular unmanned aerial vehicle, combs the overall design thought. The autonomous modular UAV is divided into various modules by imitating the combination of creation and functional decomposition, including frame, brushless motor, electronic governor, battery, flight controller, remote control, etc. The main function of UAV is analyzed and the merits and demerits of UAV are compared. Then each module of UAV is analyzed so that the selection of each module of UAV can be reasonably combined and can meet the requirements of graduation design under the premise of high efficiency and economy.

Key words: modularization; UAV; aircraft; structural design