摘  要

红外技术的交通灯是近现代社会随着物流、出行等交通发展产生的一套独特的公共管理系统。要保证高效安全的交通秩序，除了制定一系列的交通规则，还必须通过一定的科技手段加以实现。本文在对目前交通控制进行深入分析的基础上，运用检测传感、实时调整智能化控制的实现技术，将传感器监测、实时调整车辆通行时间的算法与单片机控制作用相结合，提出了基于单片机的红外技术的交通灯设计方案。

该课题研究的是基于车流量的交通灯控制系统，目的是为了解决交通拥堵的问题。实现对交通灯的优化，解决两车道的车辆轮流放行时间固定、两条干道的红绿灯时间不能随时间的改变而修改等问题，进而达到以改变交通整体状况的目的，除此功能之外，交通灯还有GSM故障报修模块、闯红灯报警模块。系统除基本交通灯功能外，还具有通行时间手动设置、可倒计时显示、急车强行通过、车流量检测及调整、交通异常状况判别及处理等相关功能。理论证明该系统能够简单、经济、有效地疏导交通，提高交通路口的通行能力。

关键词：红外技术；交通灯；控制系统；AT89S51

Abstract

Traffic light of infrared technology is a unique public management system in modern society with the development of logistics, travel and so on. In order to ensure efficient and safe traffic order, in addition to making a series of traffic rules, it must be realized by certain scientific and technological means. In this paper, based on the in-depth analysis of the current traffic control, using the detection sensing, real-time adjustment of intelligent control technology, the sensor monitoring, real-time adjustment of the vehicle pass time algorithm and the single-chip microcomputer control combined with the traffic light design scheme based on the single-chip infrared technology.

The purpose of this research is to solve the problem of traffic congestion. To realize the optimization of traffic lights, to solve the two-lane vehicle rotation release time fixed, the traffic light time of the two main roads cannot be modified with the change of time, and then to achieve the purpose of changing the overall traffic situation, in addition to this function, traffic lights also have GSM fault repair module, red light alarm module. In addition to the basic traffic light function, the system also has the related functions of manual setting of traffic time, countdown display, forced passage, detection and adjustment of traffic flow, discrimination and handling of traffic anomalies.  The theory proves that the system can simply, economically and effectively channel traffic and improve the capacity of traffic junctions.

Keywords: infrared technology; traffic lights; control system; AT89S51

目录

基于红外技术的交通灯设计 1

摘  要 1

Abstract 2

1 引言 1

1.1基于红外技术的交通灯的选题背景 1

1.2基于红外技术的交通灯选题的现实意义 1

1.3国内外研究现状及其发展 3

1.3.1国内外交通控制技术 3

1.3.2交通控制存在的问题 6

1.4基于红外技术的交通灯主要研究的内容 7

2 基于红外技术的交通灯总体设计 8

2.1基于红外技术的交通灯的通行方案设计 8

2.2基于红外技术的交通灯的功能要求 9

2.3基于红外技术的交通灯的基本构成及原理 11

3 系统硬件电路的设计 12

3.1系统硬件总电路构成及原理 12

3.1.1系统硬件电路构成 12

3.1.2系统工作原理 13

3.2 AT89S51单片机简介 13

3.2.1单片机的概述 13

3.2.2 AT89S51芯片内部结构简介 14

3.2.3 主要引脚功能 16

3.2.4 AT89S51芯片最小系统 18

3.3其它硬件介绍及连接 19

3.3.1车流量检测电路及模拟 19

3.3.2违规检测电路及模拟 22

3.3.3八段LED数码管 23

3.3.4其它器件 25

4 系统软件程序的设计 29

4.1程序主体设计流程 29

4.2理论基础知识 31

4.2.1定时器原理 31

4.2.2软件延时原理 31

4.2.3中断原理 32

4.2.4消抖动程序 32

结  论 33

致  谢 34

参考文献 35

附录 一  总电路图 36