摘  要

我国北方大部分地区，每年有3～5个月的降雪期，道路积雪给交通运输及人民日常生活带来许多不便。尤其冻结在道路上的积雪与薄冰，采用传统小型扫雪机用推刮的办法无法清除，为此不得不耗费大量人力物力进行人工铲除。采用机械方法清除是一项急需解决的难题。

本文在分析了目前国内外的主要除雪方法的基础上，提出一种适合中国国情的小型机械旋转式扫雪机的设计方案。本设计由汽油机提供动力。经输出轴输出动力，通过链传动传递动力，带动其他工作。该扫雪机的工程是利用搅龙旋转将雪集中并向后推送，通过搅龙的向后推力及螺旋桨产生的吸力使其到达螺旋桨。由于螺旋桨高速旋转产生巨大的作用力，雪被高速推向弯管，再通过与弯管壁撞击折射出去。从而达到清除积雪的目的和最佳效果。此次扫雪机的设计原理是，由原动机提供动力，经过链传动将动力传递给输出轴，输出轴又带动抛雪叶轮高速旋转，利用离心力将雪抛出。同时利用减速器来减速带动搅龙传动轴和螺旋搅龙叶片旋转来实现集雪作业。而其他的动力则由变速器传输给车轮轴来带动扫雪机前进，实现清雪工作。本论文对小型路面机械清雪车进行了深入的分析，并进一步地完善了此机构，设计出此种扫雪设备。

关键词：扫雪机；结构设计；离心力扬雪；传动轴

ABSTRACT

In most areas of northern China, there are 3 ~ 5 months of snowfall every year, which brings a lot of inconvenience to traffic, transportation and people’s daily life. Especially the snow and thin ice frozen on the road can not be removed by using the traditional small snow-sweeping machine, so it has to expend a great deal of manpower and material resources to carry out manual eradication. Mechanical cleaning is an urgent problem.

Based on the analysis of the main methods of snow removal at home and abroad, this paper puts forward a design scheme of a small mechanical rotary snow sweeper suitable for China’s national conditions. This design is powered by gasoline engines. Output power through the output shaft, transmission power through the chain drive, driving other work. The project of the snow sweeper is to concentrate and push the snow back by rotating the dragon, and to reach the propeller through the backward thrust of the dragon and the suction produced by the propeller. Because of the huge force produced by the propeller’s high speed rotation, the snow was pushed into the pipe at high speed and refracted by impact with the pipe wall. In order to achieve the purpose of clearing snow and the best effect. This sweep The design principle of the snow machine is that the power is provided by the prime mover, the power is transferred to the output shaft by chain drive, the output shaft drives the snow throwing impeller to rotate at high speed, and the snow is thrown out by centrifugal force. At the same time, the speed reducer is used to reduce the speed and drive the rotation of the driving shaft and the blade of the screw to realize the snow collecting operation. Other power is transmitted by the transmission to the wheel shaft to drive the snow mowers forward to achieve snow cleaning. In this paper, the small road machinery snow clearing vehicle is deeply analyzed, and the mechanism is further improved, and the snow clearing equipment is designed.

Keywords: snow sweeper; structural design; centrifugal snow lifting; drive shaft