摘  要

随着无线通信技术的发展，无线网络的丰富应用带动了无线数据业务的迅速增长。据权威机构预测， 到2020年时，数据业务将增长500～1000倍 ，给无线接入网络带来了巨大的挑战，需要未来通信系统设计能够更加高效地利用带宽资源， 大幅提升频谱效率。大规模天线阵列系统（MassiveMIMO）被认为是未来5G最具潜力的传输技术。在大规模天线阵列系统中，基站侧配置大规模的天线阵列，利用空分多址（SDMA）技术，可在同一时频资源上服务多个用户，利用大规模天线阵列带来的巨大阵列增益和干扰抑制增益，使得小区总频谱效率和边缘用户的频谱效率得到了大幅提升。天线阵的种类很多，但300GHZ的天线阵的波长属于毫米波至亚毫米波的之间，到目前为止都是属于比较难以实现的一个波段，如何具体实现，这是一个很大的难题，由于我们使用的是ADS仿真实现，可以略微忽略现实因素，所以此设计可行性很高。

本文主要介绍300GHZ的阵列天线在ADS layout层中的天线设计和仿真，以及矩形天线的各项指标和阵列天线阻抗匹配方法。在很多实际的应用中，往往要求天线具有大增益、波束扫描或波束控制等特性，这时单个辐射器就变得难以胜任，解决这些问题的主要方法之一就是采用多个辐射器按一定排列方式组成的阵列天线。下面要介绍的是四单元矩形阵列天线，由开始的单一矩形天线的设计和匹配到最终设计的四单元矩形阵列天线进行对比，分析天线的相对带宽，驻波比，增益，天线的效率。经过对比得出结论，可以看到最终设计的矩形阵列天线模型比单一矩形天线的增益和方向系数有所提高，达到指标要求。

关键词：天线阵列；匹配；天线效率；增益

Abstract

With the development of wireless communication technology, the rich application of wireless network drives the rapid growth of wireless data services.According to the prediction of authoritative organizations, by 2020, the data service will grow by 500-fold, which brings great challenge to wireless access network. It is necessary for future communication system design to make more efficient use of bandwidth resources and greatly improve spectrum efficiency.Large-scale antenna array systems (MassiveMIMOs) are considered to be the most promising transmission technologies for 5 G in the future.In large scale antenna array system, the base station side is equipped with a large antenna array, using SDMA (spatial division multiple access) technique It can serve multiple users on the same time-frequency resource, and make use of the large array gain and interference suppression gain brought by the large antenna array, so that the total spectrum efficiency of the cell and the spectral efficiency of the edge users are greatly improved.There are many kinds of antenna array, but the wavelength of 300GHZ antenna array is between millimeter wave and sub-millimeter wave. So far, it is very difficult to realize a band. How to realize it is a big problem.Because we use the ADS simulation implementation, we can ignore the realistic factors slightly, so this design is very feasible.

This paper mainly introduces the antenna design and simulation of 300GHZ array antenna in ADS layout layer, as well as the index of rectangular antenna and the impedance matching method of array antenna.In many practical applications, the antenna is often required to have large gain, beam scanning or beam control characteristics, so that a single radiator becomes incompetent.One of the main ways to solve these problems is to adopt array antennas composed of several radiators in certain arrangement.The following is a four-element rectangular array antenna, from the beginning of the design and matching of a single rectangular antenna to the final design of the four-element rectangular array antenna. Ratio, the relative bandwidth, standing wave ratio, gain, antenna efficiency.After comparison, it can be seen that the final design of the rectangular array antenna model compared with the single rectangular antenna gain and direction coefficient has been improved, meeting the requirements of the target.

Keywords: antenna array; matching; antenna efficiency; gain

目  录

摘  要 I

Abstract II

第1章 绪论 1

1.1 研究背景及意义 1

1.2国内外研究现状及发展动态 1

1.3可行性分析 2

1.4本文主要研究工作 3

第2章 大规模天线系统 4

2.1 大规模天线研究现状 4

2.1.1大规模天线的发展近况 4

2.1.2 天线设计的主要工作 5

2.2 大规模天线特点 6

2.2.1 优点 6

2.2.2 缺点 6

2.3 天线的参数 6

2.3.1 方向性 6

2.3.2 天线效率 7

第3章 ADS软件 8

3.1 ADS简介 8

3.2 ADS软件的基本原理及应用 8

第4章 单元天线设计 9

4.1 矩形大规模天线分析与仿真 9

4.2 单元天线介质常数对天线的影响 13

4.3 介质板的厚度对天线的影响仿真分析 15

第5章 设计方案 17

5.1 大规模天线原理 18

5.2 大规模天线实验步骤 21

5.3 大规模贴片天线仿真 22

5.4 阵元间距对天线的影响 25

结  论 29

致  谢 30

参考文献 31

图5-6 四单元矩形大规模阵列天线