摘  要

煤焦油组成中硫氮氧含量高，多环芳经含量较高，具有碳氢比大，粘度和密度大，机械质含量高，易缩合，较难进行加工等特点。随着煤焦油加氢技术的日渐成熟，中国具备了大规模产业化的条件，可是国内煤焦油加氢工艺还存在焦油利用效率低、资源浪费、生产成本高、环境污染等问题。煤焦油加氢改质的目的是,将其中所含的多环芳烃、含氮杂环化合物、含硫杂环化合物及酚类化合物等,在高温、高压和催化剂作用下,转化为较低分子的液体燃料,如液化气、汽油、柴油和燃料油等。产品的氢含量比原料的氢含量多,因此必须向原料中加入氢元素才能使其转化为产品。为了补足原料和产品之间氢含量的差额,其中以煤炭需要加氢为最多,焦油次之,石油最少。其加氢难易程度依煤炭亠髙温煤焦油亠低温焦油→石油的次序而逐渐由难到易。

本题目属于煤化工生产工艺，其研究内容为：生产工艺路线论证和设计方案的确定;对煤焦油加氢裂化工段进行物料衡算、热量衡算；根据计算和已知的现场条件进行设备选型，并绘制煤焦油加氢裂化工段设备一览表；绘制煤焦油加氢裂化工段物料流程图(图幅A1，按《化工设计》教材中的有关内容)；绘制煤焦油加氢裂化工段工艺管道及仪表流程图。绘制煤焦油加氢裂化工段设备布置图。

关键词：煤化工；生产工艺；物料衡算；热量衡算

Abstract

The content of sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen in coal tar is high, and the content of polycyclic aromatic is high. It has the characteristics of high hydrocarbon ratio, high viscosity and density, high mechanical content, easy condensation and difficult to process. With the maturity of coal tar hydrogenation technology, China has the conditions of large-scale industrialization, but there are still some problems in domestic coal tar hydrogenation process, such as low tar utilization efficiency, waste of resources, high production cost, environmental pollution and so on. The purpose of hydrogenation and upgrading of coal tar is to convert polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, nitrogen heterocycle compounds, sulfur heterocycle compounds and phenols into liquid combustion with lower molecules under the action of high temperature, high pressure and catalyst. Materials, such as liquefied gas, gasoline, diesel and fuel oil, etc. The hydrogen content of the product is higher than that of the raw material, so the hydrogen element must be added to the raw material in order to convert it into the product. In order to make up for the difference of hydrogen content between raw materials and products, coal needs hydrogenation as the most, tar is the second, and oil is the least. The difficulty of hydrogenation is gradually changed from difficult to easy according to the order of high temperature coal tar and low temperature tar oil.

This topic belongs to the coal chemical production process, its research content is: the production process route demonstration and the design scheme determination; carries on the material balance calculation, the heat balance calculation to the coal tar hydrocracking section, carries on the equipment selection according to the calculation and the known field condition, and draws the coal tar hydrocracking section equipment list; Draw the material flow chart of coal tar hydrocracking section (map A1, according to the relevant contents in the textbook of Chemical Design), and draw the process pipeline and instrument flow chart of coal tar hydrocracking section. Draw the equipment layout diagram of coal tar hydrocracking section.

Key words: coal chemical industry; production process; material balance; heat balance

目  录

摘  要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1研究背景 1

1.1.1中低温煤焦油特点 1

1.1.2高温煤焦油特点 2

1.2 煤焦油加氢国内外研究现状 2

1.2.1 国内研究现状 2

1.2.2 国外研究现状 3

1.2.3 国内外研究存在的问题 3

1.3 选题目的、意义和设计内容 4

1.3.1 选题目的 4

1.3.2 选题意义 4

1.3.3 设计内容 4

第二章 工艺技术 5

2.1工艺设计 5

2.1.1煤焦油的预处理 5

2.1.2煤焦油的预加氢处理 5

2.1.3加氢裂化反应 8

第三章 物料衡算 10

3.1煤焦油预处理工序 10

3.1.1预处理工序输入的物料 10

3.1.2预处理工序输出的物料 10

3.2预加氢工序 13

3.2.1输入预加氢工序的物料 16

3.2.2从预加氢工段输出的物料 17

3.3加氢裂化工序 19

3.3.2芘裂化 19

3.3.3  1，2-苯并蒽裂化 19

3.3.4萘裂化 20

3.3.5甲基萘裂化 20

3.3.6联苯裂化 20

3.3.8芴裂化 21

3.3.9菲裂化 21

3.3.10轻油加氢反应： 21

3.4高低压分离工段 24

3.5分馏工段物料衡算 26

3.5.1预分馏塔 26

3.5.2分馏塔 30

3.5.3石脑油稳定塔（E0505） 33

3.6酸性水汽提工段物料衡算 34

第四章  煤焦油加氢裂化热量衡算 35

4.1预处理工序 36

4.2预加氢工段 36

4.3加氢裂化工段 42

第五章 设备选型及其计算 46

5.1.1三相离心机 47

5.1.2原料油缓冲罐 49

5.1.3泵 49

5.1.4反应器 51

5.1.5换热器 53

5.2.1原料预处理工段 57

参考文献 58